Syllabus of nets exam, (Ph.d.)

Syllabus
Applied for : 01-JRF+LS
Subject : 04-MAT-MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE

There are 65 ques. in GATE examination.Out of 65 ques.30 are of 1
marl & 35 are of 2 marls.
Topic wise breakup of marks in GATE (Total :100 marks)

1. Linear Algebra & Matrices               -             08 to 09 mark
2. Complex Analysis                            -             08 to 09 mark
3. Real Analysis                                   -             08 to 09 mark
4. Ordinary Differential Eq.                  -             06 to 09 mark
5. Partial Differential Eq.                      -             08 to 09 mark
6. Algebra                                           -             08 to 09 mark
7. Functional Analysis                          -             08 to 09 mark
8. Topology                                         -            06 to 10 mark
9. Probability and Statistics                 -             10 to 11 mark
10. Linear Programming                      -             05 to 07 mark
11. Numerical Analysis                       -              05 to 06 mark
12. Calculus of Variation and Integeal eq.-         05 to 06 mark
13. Mechanics                                   -               04 to 05 mark
14. General aptitube                          -               15 marks.

CHEMISTRY

Branches of chemistry : In order to facilitate the study of the
subject and for better understanding chemistry has been divided into
several branches . The main branches of chemistry are as follows :-

1. Inorganic chemistry :It deals with the study of all the elements
and their compounds including a few compound of carbon.
2. Organic chemistry : It deals with the study of carbon compounds
derived from animals and plants.
3. Physical chemistry : It deals with the laws and theories of all branches of chemistry.
4. Analytical chemistry : It deals with detection and estimation of elements and compounds .
5. Industrial chemistry : It deals with the chemistry relating to industrial processes.
6. Biochemistry : It deals with the chemical changes which occur in living organisms.
7. Nuclear chemistry : It deals with the study of nuclear reactions,atomic structure and radio active isotopes.

10th CLASS RESULT

 

Name	Math's	Science	Percent
Sandeep Sahu	87	92	81.50%
Sarita Sahu	88	92	80.50%
Ravi Bhati	91	85	78.50%
Neha Sisodiya	84	79	76.50%
Priyanka Sahu	85	90	74.60%
Neelam Soni	83	77	70.00%
Babli Sahu	88	92	70.00%
Golu Jain	75	87	69.00%
Surbhi Dubey	71	76	68.10%
Manju Kushwaha	75	74	68.10%
Shivani Raikvar	76	74	67.00%
Neha Dabi	100	75	66.30%
Shweta Pawar	85	75	63.80%
Malti Lodhi	75	79	62.60%
Jyoti Yadav	75	62	60.00%

 

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Investment Analysis

"Capital expenditure is extremely vital in financial decision - making."

Introduction : - Every individual or firm wishes to know how 'best' to invest money to attain the maximum gain . To achieve this objective ,a proper investment analysis is to be made . It involves the consideration of investment proposals , estimation of their cash flows, evaluation of cash flows , selection of the proposals based on some criterion and finally the continuous revaluation of these proposals (projects) .

TIME VALUE OF MONEY :- One of the basic concepts of finance is the notion that money has time value . This is because money today is more valuable than the same amount at some future date . We can always
put available funds to some use and make them grow into higher sums, so that a larger sum would be available later on . A rational decision - maker would not value the opportunity to receive some amount of
money now ,equally , with the opportunity to have the same amount of money at some future date .
This phenomenon is known as the decision maker's 'time preference of money' .

12th class result

 

Top 5 student ::
NAME	MATH'S	PERCENT
Rekha Namdev	93	87%
Devansh	92	83%
Nikita	89	81%
Sonali	82	71%
Ravina yadav	86	69%

 

Topology

The word topology is derived from two Greek words, 'topos' meaning 'surface' and 'logos' meaning 'study'. Topology thus literally means the study of surface but this is unadequate for a understanding of the spirit of the subject as its stands today, the best way to appreciate what topology is about is by comparing it with geometry. The two being akin to each other in so many respects.
 
Geometry as its stand today can be defined as the study of geometrical properties of objects the objects we are dealing is geometry are lines, planes,circles,cube cylinder various types of surface and curves.

Sets

Countable and Uncountable Sets

A set which is either finite or denumerable is said to be countable
otherwise it is uncountable denumerable is also known as countably
infinite.
Example :The set Z of all integers is countably infinite the function
F : Z -- Z + defined by
f (x) =2n if n > 0
=2n +1 if n <=0
is a bijection.
THEOREM ::
1. Every infinite subset of a countable set A is countable,
2. A countable union of countable sets is countable,
3. A finite product of countable sets is countable.

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Classification depending the data transferred PORT

" SERIAL PORT " 

This ports transmits data bit by bit. Therefore only wire is
provided at this port to transmit one bit at a time . This type of
port is used to connect slow IO devices or communication devices such
as modem . Terminals are also connected to serial ports.
"Parallel Ports"
In a parallel port all the bits of a data is transmitted at the
same time . For example to transmit 8-bit word, Eight wires are
provided on this port. Faster data transfer takes place when we use
these ports .

Classification of Ports

"Programmable Port" 

This port is also an integrated circuit in which function of a
port can be changed with the help of a program. One port can be used
as an input port at one time. The same port can be used as an output
port at other time by giving some command to this port. Also each port
can be utilized in different modes with the help of software. Each
programmable port must have a CONTROL REGISTER. The function of
control register is to hold the necessary command word for the
operation of the port .


The programmable ports also have STATUS
REGISTER to read the status of different ports in the chip. For
example IC8255 is having three 8-bit programmable ports.
"Non - Programmable Port "
This port operates as input port or as output port for the whole
life. The function of this port cannot be changed with the help of a
program. For example a tristate Buffer always works as an input port
and a latch always works as an output port. Intel IC 8212 is a non -
programmable input - output port. That IC can be connected to work as
an input port or as an output port. But ones it is connected it the
circuit us function cannot be changed by user.

USE OF PORTS

"Ports" 

The input-output devices are not directly connected to the CPU. Because he the IO devices are directly connected, it will reduce the number of IO devices that can be connected to CPU.
The interface between IO devices and CPU is called Port. Ports are the electronic circuits used to transfer the data to an output device and used to accept data from an input device. Each port in the computer system is identified with the help of an address called PORT ADDRESS.
Now a days the whole circuit of the port can be packed in a single integrated circuit (IC). There are so many ways to classify a port.

1. Input Port - This ports accepts data from an input device and then
supply this data to the CPU. The CPU enables this port by providing
appropriate port address and necessary control signals to the
supporting logic circuit of the port.

2. Output Port - This port accepts data from CPU and supplies this
data to output device. CPU enables this port by providing appropriate
port address and necessary control signals.

VECTOR SPACE

VECTOR SPACE

Vector spaces play a role in many branches of mathematics and its
applications .In fact,in various practical problems we have a set X
whose elements may be vectors in three-dimensional space, or spectrum 
of numbers,or function,and these elements can be added and multiplied
by constants in a natural way,the result being again an element of X.
Such concrete situations suggest the concept of a vector space as defined below.

The definition will involve a general field K.but in functional analysis,K will be R or C. The elements of K are called scalars;hence in our case they will be real or complex numbers.

METRIC SPACE

In calculus we study functions defined on the real line R . A little
reflection shows that in limit processes and many other considerations
we use the fact that on R we have available a distance function,call
it d.which associates a distance d(x,y)=|x-y|with every pair of points
x,y€R.In the plane and in "ordinary" three-dimensional space the
situation is similar.

In functional analysis we shall study more general "spaces" and
"functions" defined on them.We arrive at a sufficiently general and
flexible concept of a "space" as follows.We replace the set of real
numbers underlying R by an abstract set X and introduce on X a "distance function"which has only a few of the most fundamental properties of the distance function on R.
But what do we mean by "most fundamental"?

This question is far from being trivial. In fact,the choice and formulation of axioms in a definition always needs experience,familiarity with practical problems and a clear idea of the goal to be reached.

DIGITAL COMPUTER

Computer is an electronic device characterised by the following properties :
1.High processing speed.
2.Can perform iterative operations.
3.Has a large storage capacity.
4.Can take decision if proper program is written.
5.It is capable of accepting information in various forms from outside
world and can provide results in various forms.


Any information stored or processed by computer is in the form of data.But before storing or  processing, the data needs to be converted into suitable  form.
The way of transforming the data into suitable form so that it can be stored or processed by computer is  called representation of information.

There are two ways of representing the information :--

1.External Data Representation.
2.Internal Data Representation. 

Numeric and Non-numeric Data :-
The information in a proper form is a data.There are two basic types of data;binary number or octal number over these numbers,Each number has a value.
On the other hand non-numeric data includes letters and special symbols.e.g.A,B,+,$,*etc.are non-numeric data.Even space is also a non-numeric data.These are popularly known as characters.
Name of a particular person or a place such as MUKESH, INDORE form String of characters.
Each character in the computer,ASCII and EBCDIC are two popular character codes.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH

1.Judgement Phase :
This phase includes -
(1)Identification of the real-life problem,
(2)Selection of an appropriate goal and the value of various variable related to the goals,
(3)Appropriate scale of measurement,and
(4)Formulation of an appropriate model of the  problem, abstracting the essential information so that a solution at the decision-maker's goal can be sought.

2.Research Phase :
This phase is the largest and longest among the other two.
However,the remaining two are also equally important as they provide the basis for a scientific method.
This phase utilizes-
(1)Observations and data collection for a better understanding of what the problem is,
(2)Formulation of hypothesis and models,
(3)Observation and experimentation to test the hypothesis on the basis of additional data,
(4)Analysis of the available information and verification of the hypothesis using pre-established measures of
effectiveness,
(5)Predictions of various results from the hypothesis, and
(6)Generalization of the results and consideration of alternative methods.

3.Action Phase : This phase consists of making recommendations for decision process by those who first posed the problem for consideration, or by anyone in a position to make a decision influencing the operation in which the problem occurred.

ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATION RESEARCH

The term, Operational Research, was first coined in 1940 by McClosky
and Trefthen in a small town,Boxesey,of the United Kingdom.

This new science came into existence as a result of research on military operations during World War II. During the was there were strategic and tactical problems which were greatly complicated,to expect
adequate solutions from individuals or specialists was
unrealistic.

Therefore, the military management called on scientists from various disciplines and organised them into teams to assist in solving strategic and tactical  problems,i.e. ,to discuss,evolve and suggest ways and means to improve the execution of various military projects.

By their their joint efforts,experience and deliberations,they suggested certain approaches that showed remarkable progress.This new approach to systematic and scientific study of the operations of the system was called the Operations Research or Operational Research.

MONTE CARLO METHODS

These involve the use of probability and sampling concepts.

The various steps associated with a Monte
Carlo Method are as follows:

(a) For appropriate model of the system,make sample observations and
determine the probability distribution for the variables of interest.

(b) Convert the probability distribution to cumulative distribution.

(c) Select the sequence of random numbers with the help of random tables.
(d) Determine the sequence of values of variables of interest with the sequence of random numbers obtained in the above step.
(e)Fit an appropriate standard mathematical function to the values
obtained in step-(d) The Monte Carlo Method is essentially a simulation technique in which statistical  distribution functions are created by generating a series of random numbers.

METHODOLOGY OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH

The Operations Research approach to problem solving consists of the following seven steps:

1. Formulate the problem.
2. Construct a mathematical model.
3. Acquire the input data.
4. Derive the solution from the model.
5. Validate the model.
6. Establish control over solution.
7. Implement the final results.

Financing System -Income and Saving

Financing system:
When our income is more than our need,we need financing institutions
to save that money and to earn profit from that.Thus the financing
institutions keep our surplus income or saving as deposits and lend it
to the persons who need money.Therefore the process of collecting
money as deposits and providing loans, is known as financing system.
Thus the process of maintaining balance between demand and supply of
wealth or capital in the economy is called financing system.

M.P.BOARD 10th Class Syllabus

1.Linear Equations in Two Variables
2.Polynomials & Rational Expression
3.Ratio and Proportion
4.Quadratic Equations
5.Commercial Maths
6.Similar Triangles
7.Circles
8.Constructions
9.Trigonometry
10.Height and Distance
11.Mensuration
12.Statistics & Probability

M.P.BOARD 12th Class Syllabus

12th Class Syllabus
1.Partial Fraction
2.Three Dimensional Geometry
3.The Plane
4.Straight Line & Sphere
5.Vectors
6.Vector Products
7.Application of Vectors in three Dimensional Geometry
8.Inverse Trigonometric Functions
9.Functions,Limits & Continuity
10.Differentiation
11.Harder Differentiations
12.Applications of Derivatives
13.Integration
14.Harder Integration
15.Definite Integrations
16.Differential Equations
17.Correlation
18.Regression
19.Probability
20.Numerical Methods

M.P.Board Syllabus

11th Class Syllabus
1.Complex Numbers
2.(A)Special Simultaneous equations in three Variables and their Solutios
(B)Theory of Quadrctic Equations
3.Arithmetic Progression and Harmonic Progression
4.Geometric Progression and Special Series
5.Determinants
6.Matrices
7.Cartesian Co-ordinates of Points
8.Straight Lines
9.Pair of Lines
10.Circle
11.Conic Section
12.Trigonometric Functions
13.Trigonometricall Identities,Graphs and Equations
14.Properties of triangle and solution of Triangles
15.Height and Distance
16.Statistics
17.Permutations and Combinations
18.Mathematical Induction and Binomial Theorem
19.(A)Linear Inequalities(B)Linear Programming
20.Exponential and Logarithmic Series

Taylor's Theorem

Taylor's Theorem
Suppose we're working with a function f(x) that is continuous and has n + 1 continuous
derivatives on an interval about x = 0. We can approximate f near 0 by a polynomial Pn(x)
of degree n:

For n = 0, the best constant approximation near 0 is
P0(x) = f(0)
which matches f at 0.

For n = 1, the best linear approximation near 0 is
P1(x) = f(0) + f0(0)x:
Note that P1 matches f at 0 and P01 matches f0 at 0.

For n = 2, the best quadratic approximation near 0 is
P2(x) = f(0) + f0(0)x +
f00(0)
2!
x2:

Samvida Shikshak varg 2-3 Result and answer sheet

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Samvida Shikshak varg III answer seet, Samvida Shala Shikshak Grade-II Test model answer key 2012,
Samvida Shala Shikshak Grade-III Test 2011 2012 exam answer key,

Samvida shala shikshk grade 3 Answer sheet is available here ANSWER SHEET


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IBPS PROBATIONARY OFFICERS-PO EXAM

COMMON WRITTEN EXAMINATION [CWE] FOR
RECRUITMENT OF PROBATIONARY OFFICERS/ MANAGEMENT TRAINEES
IN 19 PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS

PARTICIPATING BANKS -

1. Allahabad Bank
2. Indian Overseas Bank
3. Andhra Bank 
4. Oriental Bank of Commerce
5. Bank of Baroda 
6. Punjab National Bank
7. Bank of India Punjab
8. Sind Bank
9. Bank of Maharashtra 
10. Syndicate Bank
11. Canara Bank 
12. UCO Bank
13. Central Bank of India 
14. Union Bank of India
15. Corporation Bank 
16. United Bank of India
17. Dena Bank 
18. Vijaya Bank
19. Indian Bank

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS (as on 01.01.2012)
A degree in any discipline from a recognized University or any equivalent qualification
recognized as such by the Central Government.
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VALIDITY OF CWE SCORE CARD
The scores awarded to candidates, who qualify in CWE-PO/MT-II, will be valid for one year from the date of issuance of the scorecard and will be considered for recruitment exercises during that period. Candidates who have been declared as qualified in the previous CWE (I) are also permitted to apply, if they wish to improve their scores and/or keep the scores valid for a further period of 1 year from the date of issuance of scorecards of this CWE (CWE-PO/MT-II).

HOW TO APPLY
Candidates can apply online only from 09.03.2012 to 30.03.2012 and no other mode of application will be accepted.
Pre-Requisites for Applying Online Before applying online, candidates should--
(i) scan their photograph and signature ensuring that both the photograph and signature are within the required specifications as given in the Advertisement.
(ii) Keep the necessary details/documents ready if desired to make online payment of the requisite application fee/ intimation charges (In case of Offline Payment
i.e. CBS candidates have to apply online, obtain a fee payment challan and then
remit the necessary application fees/ intimation charges).
(iii) have a valid personal email ID, which should be kept active till the declaration of results of this round of CWE. IBPS may send call letters Written Examination etc. through the registered e-mail ID. Under no circumstances, a candidate should share/mention e-mail ID to / of any other person. In case a candidate does not have a valid personal e-mail ID, he/she should create his/her new e-mail ID before applying on-line and must maintain that email account.
Application Fees/ Intimation Charges (Payable from 09.03.2012 to 30.03.2012 (Online payment) and  12.03.2012 to 07.04.2012 (Offline payment) both dates inclusive)
- Rs. 50/- for SC/ST/PWD candidates.
- Rs. 450 /- for all others
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Start date for Online Registration 09.03.2012
Online Payment of Application Fees 09.03.2012 to 30.03.2012 (both dates inclusive)
Offline Payment of Application Fees 12.03.2012 to 07.04.2012 (both dates inclusive)
Last date for Online Registration 30.03.2012
Last date for Editing (prior to submission of online application) Application Details 01.04.2012
Download of Call letter for Written Examination After 04.06.2012
Tentative Date of Written Examination 17.06.2012

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Swami Vivekananda

"The literature of Swami Vivekananda has multiplied any sense of patriotism a thousand times" said Mahatma Gandhi,Rabindranath Tagore said "If you want to understand India,try to understand Swami Vivekananda".
By these words we can easily say and understand the huge and towering personality of this great saint of the later 19th century.Swami Vivekananda was born on 12th January.1863 in Calcutta.In his childhood and boyhood,he was Biseshwar(Bile) and Narendra(Naren).

He became the disciple Of a great saint Ram Krishna Paramhansa and was given the name of Swami Vivekananda.
He proved himself to be the most dazzling star in the parliament of Religions.Chicago in the year 1893.
All young generation must try to understand swamiji,if we want to make our country free from corruption,super stitions,idleness,we must make him our model.

NOISE POLLUTION

It is very unfortunate that cases of violence in the city are
increasing day by day.We read daily in the newspapers several cases of
violence happened in this or that part of city .The cause may be very
small but it takes the shape of fatal injuries and sometimes
deaths.The chart above gives the figures increasing every year.While
in 2000 and 2001 there were only 10 cases,in 2002 they became 20.In
2003 the figure rose to 25 and in 2004 to 30.In 2006,it was the
highest,about 37.It is the duty of the police department to curb
violence but we should also keep restraint and people should not take
law in their hands.
This age will probably be known as the noisiest in human history
.People create a lot of noise on every
occasion,marriage,convassing,advertising and also to create noise for
its own sake.Noise is the greatest bane of modern life.
Hawking in the streets makes a great noise.The vehicles,motor
cycles,scooves etc.also create a great noise in and around us is
wearing us out of a terrific pace.The factories,mills and other
machines also disturb us and contribute to noise pollution.People
shout loudly in rallies and movements.We should minimise noise
pollution so that all may live peacefully.

Neem A Magical Tree

Familiar to most people for its medicinal properties, the Neem is recognized by few despite its distinctive cured leaves and annual profusion of star shared sweet scented trunk,a native of India,Myanmar and Srilanka.Yound leaves are pale,tender,green tinged with rust.

These are eaten on new year day to ward off sickness during the coming year.

Some people to whom the tree is sacred, also festoon fresh leaves across their houses when there is an pidemic of childen pox or to keep evil spirits away when there is a birth or death.Dries leaves are put in drawer or upboards to keep out moths and cockroaches.

These magic leaves are used a poultice for healing wounds. The famous Margosa oil, obtained from the yellow fruit is effective in the treatment of leprosy and skin disease.Neem,timber is used for ship building,carts and furniture.

Micro skill

Richards proposes that the following are the micro-skills involved in
understanding what someone says to us.The listener has to:

• Retain chunks of language in short-term memory.
• Discriminate among the distinctive sounds in the new language.
• Recognize stress and rhythm patterns,tone pallerns,intonational contours.
• Recognize reduced forms of words.
• Distinguish word boundaries.
• Recognize typical word-order patterns.
• Recognize vocabulary.
• Detect key words,such as those identifying topics and ideas.
• Guess meaning from context.
• Recognize grammatical word classes.
• Recognize basic syntactic patterns.
• Recognize cohesive devices.
• Detect sentence constituents,such as
• subject,verb,object,prepositions,and the like.

Characteristics of Language

Language is used to communicate our thoughts and ideas.Language is
essential for our survival and development as human being.Language is
also a system of phonetics,grammer and vocabulary.English Language has
a set of sounds peculiar to it.Language is learnt by imitation.With
patience and time,every language can be mastered.No language is
inferior or superior.Every language represents its culture in the best
possible way.Few characteristics are given of Language.

*Language is a very important means of communication.

*Language is symbolic.
*Language is dynamic.
*Language is structured system.
*Language is unique system.
*Language is a carrier of civilization and culture.
*Language is a form of social behaviour.
*Language is arbitrary.

Pedagogy of Language Development

The different languages are spoken in the world.The different
languages are used all over the world.
There are many varieties within the language.How there languages are originated,it is very difficult to know.It is believed that people started conveying message quest,signals,postures, gestures and sign etc.

The Researcher has made it clear that the language is a medium through which a one can express his ideas,thought,feeling and message.
Robins rightly points out those definitions tend to be trivial and uninformative but he does list and discuss a number of silent facts that must be taken into account in any seriously intended study of  anguage.

Chandra Shekhar Azad

Chandra Shekhar,son of Pandit Sita Ram Tiwari and Jagrani Devi,was
born in Jhabua district (Presemmt Madhya Pradesh) on 23rd July 1906.


Young Chandra Shekhar was attracted by the great national upsurge of
the nonviolent non-cooperation movement of 1920-21 under the
leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.He joined it and was arrested and
produced before the magistrate.
He gave his name as 'Azad',his father's name as 'Swatantra',and his residence as 'Prison'.

RAM PRASAD BISMIL

"SAR FAROSHI KI TAMANNA AB HAMARE DIL MEIN HAI,DEKHNA HAI ZOR QITNA
BAZUE KATIL MEIN HAI"

Ram Prasad Bismil was one of the great Indian freedom fighters
who also participated in the Kakori train incident.He was also a great
poet and had written several inspiring verses.He was prosecuted by the
British Government in Indian.RAM Prasad Bismil joined the band of
martyrs who dreamt of a free India and made the supreme
sacrifice.Bismil,along with stalwarts like Ashfaqullah Khan,Chandra
Shekhar Azad,Bhagwati Charan,Raj Guru and others organised several
upheavals against the British,they printed literature,provided shelter
to revolutionaries, made hand bombs and were a constant source of worry to the British Government. They are most remembered for the Kakori train incident and the bombing of the Punjab assembly.
He pray"Even if I have to face death a thousand time for the sake of my Motherland,it shall not saddan me Lord!Grant me a hundred births in Bharat.But grant me this,too,that each time I may give up my life in
the service of the Motherland."

Noise

This age will probably be known as the noisiert in a happy,festive
mood,to canvass votes to advertise a commodity or a point of view, but
also for its own sake.Noise is the greatest bane of modern life.
Every moment of our lives we are being distracted by it,necessary noise,unnecessary noise,purposeful noise and the purposeless,enought
to weaken our nerves and madden us.
The noise in and around us is
wearing us out at a terrific pace.

I sometimes feel that God,who constructed the human body with so much
forethought seems to have become weary when he came to the ears,and
left them as the most vulnerable portion of a human being.
The result is that we spend all our hours longing for something that we cannot attain,namely silence.

Yoga

Yoga is the ancient system to keep a person fit in body and mind.It is
basically a system of self-treatment. 
According to the yogic,view,diseases,disorders and ailments are the result of faulty ways of living,bad habits,lack of proper knowledge and unsuitable food.
The diseases are thus the resultant state of a prolonged
malfunctioning of the body system.
Since the rest cause of a disease
lies in correcting the mistake by the same individual himself,The yoga
expert shows only the path and works on more than a counselor.


The yogic practice of treatment comprises three steps namely proper diet,proper yogic practice and proper knowledge of things about the self.

What is Education

"Education develops man's faculty ,specially his mind so that he may
be able to enjoy the contemplation of supreme truth,goodness and
beauty."

By Aristotle

Impotency of E-Books

The modern age is the age of information technology. Computers and telecommunication technologies are use in processing information of any kind. Tele text services are available to the viewers trought information technology.

We have search computers, which are programmed to answer questions on a specialized subjects.

These "expert systems" display the human ability to perform expert analytical tasks.

A similar system is a word processor highlighting incorrect spellings
and teaches new words, thus reducing the task of a teacher.
The reading habits are changing due to the technological developments. For the economy of time and energy,today's young generation is becoming more and more dependent on these non-book materials which are associated with a number of machines.

A modern reader sitting leisurely in his home can access, browse and borrow latest information of any kind from the electronic libraries situated in USA or any other distant country.

The electronic books have revolutionized the field of education and
teaching through Cd s, audio visual aids and internet facility. These facilities have envolved such methods of teaching where a student can read him self indepently without the help of teacher.
 A modern reader can also enjoy reading for pleasure with the help of laptops, motion pictures and 3D pictures.

High School Modal Paper 2012

Modal test paper for 10 class students

Model Questions/Answers of Xth Class for the Year 2011-12

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